stop
Abstract
Local wars have destroyed the central markets in many urban hubs in the region–including Homs, Aleppo, Mosul–but they did not stop market activities. War has reshaped local markets but trade activities, particularly those arising as a result of war, have shaped a new pattern of marketing and trading. This theme will explore the tools and methods people use to adapt during hard times, and how the plans and actions of central powers/states help to keep the markets functioning.